Synthesis,SAR and molecular docking studies of benzo[d]thiazole-hydrazones as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents

A series of new benzod]thiazole-hydrazones analogues were synthesized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results revealed that compounds 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 28 and 30 exhibited superior antibacterial potency compared to the reference drug chloramphenicol and rifampicin. Compounds 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 28 and 30 were found to be good antifungal activity compared to the standard drug ketoconazole.A preliminary study of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the antimicrobial activity depended on the effect of different substituents on the phenyl ring. The electron donating (OH and OCH₃) groups presented in the analogues, increase the antibacterial activity (except compound 12), interestingly, while the electron withdrawing (Cl, NO₂, F and Br) groups increase the antifungal activity (except compound 19 and 20). In addition, analogues containing thiophene (28) and indole (30) showed good antimicrobial activities. Whereas, aliphatic analogues (24–26) shown no activities in both bacterial and fungal stains even in high concentrations (100 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were performed for all the synthesized compounds of which compounds 11, 19 and 20 showed the highest glide G-score.