文化遗产微生物研究方法进展

文化遗产的生物退化与生物降解问题普遍存在。从方法学的角度回顾了针对不同类型文化遗产微生物病害与防治研究中常用的方法和技术,总结了国内外当前所取得的主要研究进展,提出了该领域研究中未来面临的问题和挑战,并展望了应对策略和今后发展趋势。文化遗产微生物研究方法经历了传统培养、显微镜分析、分子生物学技术、酶活性和代谢产物分析以及快速发展的多组学及生物信息学分析等多个阶段,在微生物多样性、群落特征、生理生态学及其退化机理方面的认识已逐渐深入,以文化遗产保护为目标的病害微生物防治技术不断发展。近年来通过新一代测序和宏基因组学技术获得了文化遗产微生物的诸多重要信息,但其作用机理和影响因素的研究还不够。本综述突出了结合传统与现代方法技术开展研究的重要性,旨在为文化遗产微生物学领域研究提供参考和借鉴。

Advances in Microbial Research Methods on Cultural Heritage

Biodeterioration and biodegradation are ubiquitous problems at cultural heritage sites worldwide. This paper reviewed from perspective of methodology for the methods and techniques commonly used in the study of microbial biodeterioration of typical cultural heritage, and mainly summarized advances in current researches both home and abroad, and put forward the problems and challenges for the future study in this field, and looked forwards to coping with the strategies and developing trends in the future. The methods of microbial research on cultural heritage have experienced many stages of traditional pure cultivation, microscopic analysis, molecular biology techniques, enzyme activity and metabolite analysis, as well as rapid developing multi omics and bioinformatics analysis, and gradually deepen understand on microbial diversity, community features, eco physiology and the aspect of deterioration mechanisms; aiming at constant developing prevention techniques of cultural heritages to control diseases caused by microorganisms. Recently plenty of important information on cultural heritage microorganisms was obtained through new generation techniques of sequencing and macrogenomics, however, the research on the effective mechanism and influencing factors still are not enough. This review highlights the importance of combining traditional and modern methods, and techniques for carrying out the research, aiming at providing references and drawing on the experiences for microbiologic studies on cultural heritage.