大庆新华湖藻类植物群落结构与环境因子的相关性

2014年5-10月对大庆新华湖藻类植物群落结构与环境因子的关系进行了初步研究, 为湖泊状况的动态监测提供基本数据。调查期间, 共发现藻类植物135种, 隶属5门63属, 其中硅藻门56种, 绿藻门49种, 蓝藻门15种, 裸藻门12种, 甲藻门3种。新华湖优势种共24种, 包括绿藻门14种, 蓝藻门6种, 硅藻门3种, 裸藻门1种, 且季节更替明显, 可以初步推断新华湖藻类植物群落组成为绿藻-硅藻型。新华湖藻类植物细胞丰度变化范围为37.57×10⁶-72.37×10⁶ cells·L^-1, 平均值为52.13×10⁶ cells·L^-1。多样性指数变化为: Simpson生态优势度指数(D)在0.642-0.928之间, Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H')在1.698-3.1之间, Pielou均匀度指数(J)在0.324-0.561之间, 3种指数变化趋势一致, 均在秋季最高, 春季最低。研究表明, 水温、pH值、总磷、生化需氧量、溶解氧和水动力是影响新华湖藻类植物群落结构的主要因子。

Community Structure of Phytoplankton and Its Relation with Environmental Factors in Xinhua Lake of China

We investigated the community structure of phytoplankton in Xinhua Lake from May to October in 2014, and analyzed its relationship with environmental factors. Basic data were provided for dynamically monitoring the lake condi- tion. A total of 135 phytoplankton taxa belonging to 5 phyla and 63 genera were observed: 56 Bacillariophyta, 49 Chlorophyta, 15 Cyanophyta, 12 Euglenophyta, and 3 Pyrrhophyta. We found 24 dominant taxa: 14 Chlorophyta, 6 Cyanophyta, 3 Bacillariophyta, and only 1 Euglenophyta. All these dominant taxa showed seasonal alteration in preva- lence. Xinhua Lake was dominated by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. The cell density of the phytoplankton ranged from 37.57×10⁶ to 72.37×10⁶ cells·L^-1, and the mean phytoplankton abundance was 52.13×10⁶ cells·L^-1. The Simpson, Shan- non and Pielou indexes for the phytoplankton community were 0.642-0.928, 1.698-3.1, and 0.324-0.561, respectively. These three indexes showed the same variation tendency, with the highest value found in autumn and the lowest in spring. Water temperature, pH, total phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and hydrodynamic force were the main environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton community structure in this lake.