人乳头瘤病毒与肿瘤

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus，HPV)感染是全球最常见的性传播感染之一。根据致癌潜力，该病毒被分为高危型和低危型两种。HPV16和18是最常见的高危型，也是引起宫颈癌(uterus cervical carcinoma, UCC)的病原体。近来报道的头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma，HNSCC)，包括鼻咽癌、口咽癌、喉癌，尤其是口咽部的扁桃体鳞状细胞癌的发生也与高危型HPV有一定的关联。由HPV引起的癌症尚无特殊的治疗方法，青春期男、女孩可接种HPV疫苗以预防相关的肿瘤发生。

Human papillomavirus and cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Based on the potential on carcinogenesis, HPV is classified into high- and low-risk types. The most common high-risk types are HPV16 and HPV18 that are the causative agents for uterus cervical carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that HPV is associated with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (nasal pharynx, oropharynx, and larynx), especially the tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in oropharynx. However, the role of HPV infection in head and neck carcinogenesis is not fully established. Currently there is no specific therapeutic for HPV-induced cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to immunize adolescent girls and boys in order to prevent HPV infection and HPV-associated cancers.