植物响应缺钾胁迫的机制及提高钾利用效率的策略

钾是植物体内含量最大的阳离子,在植物生长发育过程的诸多生理生化反应中起关键作用。缺钾会抑制植株根系的生长,使根冠比降低;同时阻碍光合产物的合成和向韧皮部转运,导致生物量下降。因此,提高植物钾营养的吸收转运和利用效率对于作物品种改良和增产具有重要的理论和生产实践意义。该文综述了植物响应低钾的生理机制和提高植物钾利用效率的四大策略,并对改善钾营养吸收利用以提高作物产量和品质进行了讨论及展望。

Adaption of Plants to Potassium Deficiency and Strategies to Improve Potassium Use Efficiency

Potassium ion (K⁺) is the most abundant cation in plants, and it plays an essential role in a number of biochemical and physiological processes during plant growth and development. Potassium deficiency in plants confines root growth, decreases the root to shoot ratio, and limits the transport of assimilates via the phloem. Limited photoassimilate production coupled with transport inhibition can lead to reduction in plant biomass. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of K⁺ uptake, transport and utilization in plants is important for improving crop productivity. In this review, we summarize the major advances in understanding the physiological responses of plants to K⁺ deficiency and propose 4 strategies to enhance K⁺ use efficiency in plants. Further more, We discuss the prospects for increasing K⁺ acquisition and use efficiency by plants.