资源型城市土地利用转型及其对生境质量的影响——以乌海市为例

资源型城市前期发展导致了生境丧失或退化，实现高质量转型需要深入理解城市转型与生态环境质量之间的关系，土地利用转型特征及其对生境质量的影响规律研究为此提供依据与支撑。以资源型城市--乌海市为研究区，通过地学信息图谱和InVEST模型探究2005-2018年乌海市土地利用转型特征、生境质量时空变化及土地利用转型对生境质量的影响。结果表明：（1）2005-2018年乌海市土地利用变化趋势发生改变，土地利用转型明显，土地利用变化图谱单元数量逐渐增加78.14%，分布范围逐渐广泛。主要表现为草地与建设用地、采矿用地之间的相互转化，第一阶段（2005-2015年）草地大面积减少，建设用地和采矿用地大面积增加，第二阶段（2015-2018年）趋势相反。（2）乌海市生境质量变化呈现先强退化后弱提升趋势。2005-2015年乌海市18.75%的区域生境质量退化，提升面积较小；2015-2018年生境质量提升面积略大于退化面积。（3）2005-2015年草地向采矿用地、建设用地转化是区域生境质量降低的主要原因，2015-2018年区域生境质量提升的主导因素是采矿用地和建设用地向草地转化。研究结果揭示了资源型城市土地利用转型过程中生境质量的响应规律，可为资源型城市土地利用转型决策提供参考。

Land use transition in resource-based cities and its impact on habitat quality: a case of Wuhai City

The early development of resource-based cities leads to habitat loss or degradation. In order to achieve high quality urban transformation, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of the relationship between urban transformation and ecological environment quality, and the study of land use change characteristics and its impact on habitat to provide basis and support. In view of the lack of such research, this paper takes Wuhai, a resource-based city, as the research area, and explores the characteristics of land use transition, the spatial and temporal changes in habitat quality, and the impact of land use transition on habitat quality in Wuhai from 2005 to 2018 by using geo-informatic Tupu and InVEST model. The results indicate the following. (1) The trend of land use changes varied from 2005 to 2018, and the land use transition was obvious in Wuhai City. The number of land use change map units gradually increased by 78.14%, and the distribution range was gradually wider. In the first period (2005-2015), a large area of grassland decreased, accounting for 11.61% of the total area, while a larger area of construction land and mining land increased, accounting for 7.45% and 6.63% of the total area, respectively. In the second period (2015-2018), the trend was opposite. The grassland area increased by 1.88%, and the land used for construction and mining decreased by 5.16% and 2.93%, respectively. (2) Habitat quality changes in Wuhai showed a trend of strong degradation followed by weak enhancement. 18.75% of the regional habitat quality in Wuhai was extensively degraded in 2005-2015, while the area of improvement was small, accounting for only 5.43% of the total area. During 2015-2018, the area with improved habitat quality accounted for 10.86% of the total area and the degraded area accounted for 9.82% of the total area in Wuhai. (3) From 2005 to 2015, the conversion of grassland to mining land and construction land was the main reason for the decrease of regional habitat quality, and the contribution of habitat degradation was more than 70%. From 2015 to 2018, the conversion of mining land and construction land to grassland was the dominant factor for the improvement of regional habitat quality, and the contribution rate of habitat quality improvement was 70.5%. The results can provide reference for the decision-making of land use transition in Wuhai City, and have importantly significance for promoting the sustainable development of social economy and environment in resource-based cities.