Macrophage Recognition of Thiol-Group Oxidized Cells: Recognition of Carbohydrate Chains by Macrophage Surface Nucleolin as Apoptotic Cells

Three kinds of xylo-oligosaccharides having structures of 3²-β-xylosylxylobiose, 3²-β-xylobiosylxylobiose, and 2²-β-xylobiosylxylobiose were isolated from an enzymatic hydrolysate of hardwood xylan with Streptomyces β-xylanase. The structures suggest that the hardwood xylan has both (1 → 2)- and (1 → 3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl linkages in the structure, and the specificity of Streptomyces β-xylanase toward the stubs is similar to that toward glucuronic acid stubs, but is somewhat different from that toward arabinose and xylosylarabinose stubs.