Spatial heterogeneity of daphniid parasitism within lakes |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Spencer?R?HallEmail author Meghan?A?Duffy Alan?J?Tessier Carla?E?Cáceres |
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Institution: | (1) School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA;(2) W.K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA |
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Abstract: | Spatially explicit models show that local interactions of hosts and parasites can strongly influence invasion and persistence
of parasites and can create lasting spatial patchiness of parasite distributions. These predictions have been supported by
experiments conducted in two-dimensional landscapes. Yet, three-dimensional systems, such as lakes, ponds, and oceans, have
received comparatively little attention from epidemiologists. Freshwater zooplankton hosts often aggregate horizontally and
vertically in lakes, potentially leading to local host–parasite interactions in one-, two-, or three-dimensions. To evaluate
the potential spatial component of daphniid parasitism driven by these local interactions (patchiness), we surveyed vertical
and horizontal heterogeneity of pelagic Daphnia infected with multiple microparasites in several north temperate lakes. These surveys uncovered little evidence for persistent
vertical patchiness of parasitism, since the prevalence of two parasites showed little consistent trend with depth in four
lakes (but more heterogeneity during day than at night). On a horizontal scale of tens of meters, we found little systematic
evidence of strong aggregation and spatial patterning of daphniid hosts and parasites. Yet, we observed broad-scale, basin-wide
patterns of parasite prevalence. These patterns suggest that nearshore offshore gradients, rather than local-scale interactions,
could play a role in governing epidemiology of this open water host–parasite system.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at |
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Keywords: | Aquatic Autocorrelation Daphnia Deep trouble hypothesis Parasites Patchiness |
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