间充质干细胞的生物学特性及心血管修复潜能的研究进展

间充质干细胞存在于成体组织中，来源于骨髓、脂肪组织等，在体外易分离和培养，是具有塑料粘附性的一群非均质细胞。它们具有分化的潜能，在适当的条件下可分化为心肌和血管。临床前期研究显示，在心脏损伤模型中移植间充质干细胞有利于心肌修复和心血管形成。其作用机制与间充质干细胞再生和旁分泌能力密切相关。在临床应用中，间充质干细胞具有免疫抑制作用，也可用于异体移植。总之，虽然间充质干细胞的研究尚有许多问题亟待解决，但是它在心脏疾病的细胞治疗和组织工程中已显示出广阔的前景。

Biological Characters of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential Func- tions for Cardiovascular Repair

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are present in adult tissues inctudmg bone marrow, aalpose us- sues and so on. They can be easily isolated and cultured in vitro, which are heterogeneous cells of plastic adherence. MSCs possess plasticity of differentiation and can be modified to adopt cardiomyocyte and vascular cell phenotypic characteristics under appropriate in vitro culture conditions. Some preclinical studies have demonstrated their capacity to facilitate both myocardial repair and neovascularization in cardiac injury models. The mechanisms under-lying these effects appear to be mediated predominantly through indirect paracrine actions, and direct regeneration of endogenous cells by transdifferentiation. Clinical application of MSCs has showed that MSCs have immunosup- pressive action and can be used for allogeneic transplanation. Overall, MSCs are an attractive cell population for cardiovascular repair and cardic engineering; however, basic and clinical researches are still required.