基于SSR分子标记的175份蜡梅种质遗传多样性分析和指纹图谱构建

理清蜡梅品种资源、构建指纹图谱是推动蜡梅科学研究和产业发展的重要基础。利用简单重复序列(simple sequence repeats, SSR)分子标记技术，对鄢陵地区175个蜡梅(Chimonanthus Praecox L.)品种(系)的遗传多样性进行了研究，使用NTSYSpc 2.1软件中的UPDM聚类方法分析品种间的遗传多样性。利用基于贝叶斯模型的Structure v2.3.3软件解析175份种质的遗传结构。通过一般线性模型(general linear model, GLM)对性状和标记进行关联分析。在遗传多样性分析中，平均等位基因数(number of alleles, Na)为6.857，平均期望杂合度(heterozygosity, He)为0.496 3，平均观测杂合度(observed heterozygosity, Ho)为0.503 7，蜡梅Nei’s平均基因多样性指数为0.494 9，平均Shannon信息指数为0.995 8，表明鄢陵地区蜡梅群体内具有较丰富的遗传多样性。群体结构和UPDM聚类分析均表明可将175个品种(系)分为7个类群。在GLM模型中有15个标记位点与8个表型性状显著(P<0.05)关联，表型变异解释范围为14.90%−36.03%。利用11对多态信息含量(polymorphic information content, PIC)最高的引物，构建175份蜡梅品种(系)资源SSR标记的指纹图谱。本研究综合分析了鄢陵地区蜡梅的遗传多样性与SSR分子标记，并构建了蜡梅核心种质资源库，为蜡梅新优品种选育、品种鉴定、资源保护与利用等工作提供理论支撑。

Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprinting of 175 Chimonanthus praecox germplasm based on SSR molecular marker

The elucidation of resources pertaining to the Chimonanthus praecox varieties and the establishment of a fingerprint serve as crucial underpinnings for advancing scientific inquiry and industrial progress in relation to C. praecox. Employing the SSR molecular marker technology, an exploration of the genetic diversity of 175 C. praecox varieties (lines) in the Yanling region was conducted, and an analysis of the genetic diversity among these varieties was carried out using the UPDM clustering method in NTSYSpc 2.1 software. We analyzed the genetic structure of 175 germplasm using Structure v2.3.3 software based on a Bayesian model. General linear model (GLM) association was utilized to analyze traits and markers. The genetic diversity analysis revealed a mean number of alleles (Na) of 6.857, a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.496 3, a mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.503 7, a mean genetic diversity index of Nei՚s of 0.494 9, and a mean Shannon information index of 0.995 8. These results suggest that the C. praecox population in Yanling exhibits a rich genetic diversity. Additionally, the population structure and the UPDM clustering were examined. In the GLM model, a total of fifteen marker loci exhibited significant (P<0.05) association with eight phenotypic traits, with the explained phenotypic variation ranging from 14.90% to 36.03%. The construction of fingerprints for C. praecox varieties (lines) was accomplished by utilizing eleven primer pairs with the highest polymorphic information content, resulting in the analysis of 175 SSR markers. The present study offers a thorough examination of the genetic diversity and SSR molecular markers of C. praecox in Yanling, and establishes a fundamental germplasm repository of C. praecox, thereby furnishing theoretical underpinnings for the selection and cultivation of novel and superior C. praecox varieties, varietal identification, and resource preservation and exploitation.