非优势顺位雄性黄山短尾猴的交配策略

在多雄多雌、顺位决定交配机会、雄性偏斜繁殖的非人灵长类社会中，低顺位雄性为提高自己的繁殖成功率，通常采取多样的交配策略以获得较多的交配机会。对非优势顺位雄性交配策略的研究可以增加对灵长类社会性行为复杂性的理解，对于深入探讨动物的婚配制度及繁殖策略具有十分重要的科学意义。本研究采用目标动物取样法和全事件记录法，在２０１２ 年９ －１２ 月（交配期）记录了安徽黄山短尾猴鱼鳞坑ＹＡ１ 群中４ 只成年雄性个体的交配及有关的行为。研究发现：（１）非优势顺位雄性个体在远离优势顺位雄性视野范围的交配频次和交配时间显著高于优势顺位视野范围内；（２）与优势顺位雄性个体相比，非优势顺位雄性的强行交配（forced copulation）和隐秘交配（clandestine copulation）比例较高；（３） 就交配对象而言，对成功生育的雌性个体，优势顺位雄性在选择交配对象时具有明显的倾向性，非优势顺位雄性在选择时倾向性不显著；对未生育的雌性，优势顺位雄性更倾向于选择没有生殖经历的亚成年雌性个体，非优势顺位雄性则倾向于选择处于哺乳后期的成年雌性个体；（４）在具体交配策略上，优势顺位雄性选择跟随（follow） 雌性，非优势顺位雄性则通过做鬼脸（grimacing）和性追求（sexual chasing）直接获取交配机会。本研究结果表明黄山短尾猴中非优势雄性个体形成了多变的交配策略，更多采取强制性方式，以获得更多的交配机会，多数的交配都是机会性的。

Mating strategies of subordinate males in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt.Huangshan,China

Abstract:In nonhuman primates with a linear dominance hierarchy,dominant males have priority of access to females in the social group,while,subordinate individuals have fewer mating opportunities． One of the fundamental questions is how to obtain mating opportunities and to increase the reproductive success for subordinate individuals． However,although this issue has been more or less ignored in previous studies,it can shed light on the mating system and mating strategy． In mating season (from September to December 2012),we used focal animal sampling,all occurrence recording methods to collect behavioral data from one group wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)at Huangshan,China (YA1)． We discuss the mating strategy of subordinate Tibetan monkeys． The results show that the frequency of copulations between subordinate males and females was higher when higher-ranking males were absent than when dominate males were present． Most mating events of subordinate males were more frequent,clandestine,and forced than those of higher-ranking males． Furthermore,higher-ranking males preferred to choose higher quality adult females,subordinate individuals had no preferred mating partners． During mating efforts,dominant males followed the females more frequently． However,subordinate malesobtained mating opportunity by grimacing and sexual chasing． Thus,we concluded that subordinate males formed the changeable and opportunistic mating strategy,most of their copulatory behaviors were forced mating.