青藏高原地区刺山柑解剖特征研究

采用石蜡切片法对分布于海拔4 000 m的西藏札达的刺山柑解剖结构进行研究，进一步探讨青藏高原植物独特生理结构及其与环境的适应性。结果表明刺山柑具有适应高山荒漠草原环境的典型结构特征: 次生根周皮发达，具有较厚的木栓层和发达的次生木质部；茎具表皮毛和角质层，皮层较厚，厚角组织发达，髓较小；叶具角质层，气孔密集，栅栏组织多层，为双栅型等面叶；花冠较大，白色花瓣，适于虫媒传粉；侧膜胎座，子房多室，胚珠多数，花粉外壁较厚，具较强的抗腐蚀及抗酸碱性能。刺山柑形成上述结构特征是青藏高原特殊综合生态环境长期作用的结果。同时也是刺山柑对高原环境的高度适应。

Anatomical Characteristics of Capparis spinosa L. in Tibet

To further explore the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plant distinctive physiology structure and its environmental adaptability, the anatomical structures of Capparis spinosa L. from 4 000 m altitude of Zhada in Tibet were studied by the methods of paraffin section. The results showed that the anatomical structure was highly adapted to its environment of mountain desert grassland: periderm of secondary root is developed, the cork is thicker, there is a larger proportion of secondary xylem; There are epidermal hairs and obvious cuticle on the epidermis of stems, and also developed collenchyma tissue, pith is narrow in stems; The leaf is isobilateral with multilayer palisade tissues. Dense stomata exists and significant cuticles are existed in epidermis; Corolla is larger with white petals, which is suitable for insect pollination; Parietal placentation with much ovules in each locule, extine is thicker which can resistant to corrosion, acid and alkaline. All of the characteristics of C.spinosa L. described above result from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stresses of extremely ecological conditions, such as high irradiance, cold temperature, low air pressure in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as the adaptations of the C.spinosa L. to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau environments.