Toward single cell traction microscopy within 3D collagen matrices |
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| Authors: | Matthew S. Hall Rong Long Xinzeng Feng YuLing Huang Chung-Yuen Hui Mingming Wu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G8;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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| Abstract: | Mechanical interaction between the cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cellular behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. Cells require the three-dimensional (3D) architectural support of the ECM to perform physiologically realistic functions. However, current understanding of cell–ECM and cell–cell mechanical interactions is largely derived from 2D cell traction force microscopy, in which cells are cultured on a flat substrate. 3D cell traction microscopy is emerging for mapping traction fields of single animal cells embedded in either synthetic or natively derived fibrous gels. We discuss here the development of 3D cell traction microscopy, its current limitations, and perspectives on the future of this technology. Emphasis is placed on strategies for applying 3D cell traction microscopy to individual tumor cell migration within collagen gels. |
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| Keywords: | 2D, two-dimensional 3D, three-dimensional AFM, atomic force microscopy DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium ECM, extracellular matrix FM, widefield fluorescence microscopy PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane PEG, polyethylene glycol TFM, traction force microscopy |
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