Impact of group mixing on disease dynamics

A general mathematical model is proposed to study the impact of group mixing in a heterogeneous host population on the spread of a disease that confers temporary immunity upon recovery. The model contains general distribution functions that account for the probabilities that individuals remain in the recovered class after recovery. For this model, the basic reproduction number R₀ is identified. It is shown that if R₀<1, then the disease dies out in the sense that the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; whereas if R₀>1, this equilibrium becomes unstable. In this latter case, depending on the distribution functions and the group mixing strengths, the disease either persists at a constant endemic level or exhibits sustained oscillatory behavior.