植物膜联蛋白的结构及功能研究进展

膜联蛋白是一类同源的水溶性多功能蛋白,可以在依赖和不依赖Ca²⁺的环境下与内膜和质膜结合或形成跨膜结构,存在于部分原核生物以及全部的真核生物中,在大多数高等生物中以多基因家族形式存在。植物膜联蛋白在结构上通常只有第1和第4个重复单元是保守的;在功能上可以与细胞骨架结合,具有过氧化物酶活性、核酸水解酶活性和离子通道功能,参与响应盐、干旱、高低温、重金属、损伤等非生物胁迫以及真菌、病虫害等生物胁迫。膜联蛋白基因在植物体的大部分器官及整个生育期均有表达,并且表达量随着植株发育和内外环境的改变而变化,在植物的抗逆性反应中起重要作用。该文对近年来国内外有关植物膜联蛋白的结构和功能,尤其是其在植物逆境生理方面的相关研究进行综述,以期为植物膜联蛋白的深入研究和植物抗逆研究提供思路。

Advances in Structure and Function of Plant Annexins

Annexins are homologous,soluble and multifunctional proteins capable of Ca²⁺-dependent and Ca²⁺-independent binding to or insert into the membranes.Annexins exist in some prokaryotes and all eukaryotic phyla and always represent in high organisms as multiple gene family.The structure of plant annexins has only 1 or 2 repeats which are highly conserved (usually the first and the fourth).Functionally,plant annexins have the abilities of binding to cytoskeleton,hydrolysing ATP and GTP,acting as peroxidases or cation channels in response to abiotic stresses such as salinity,drought,high and low temperature,metal stress and wounding and biotic stresses such as fungi and pests.Annexins are expressed in a majority of plant organs and throughout the whole life cycle and varied with the body growth,development and environment change and play an important role in resistance to stress.In this paper,the known structure and function of plant annexins,especially the relationship between annexins and plant stress response were systematically summarized so as to offer an oriented suggestion for researches in plant annexins and stress resistance.