耐药微生物和抗生素耐药基因与全健康

因人类的各种活动，耐药微生物和抗生素耐药基因在“人-动物-环境”界面发生跨物种和跨生境的传播。将人类、动物和环境视作有机整体的“全健康”（One Health）理念有望成为解决这种传播的有效策略。抗生素及其代谢活性产物在环境中富集，再经动物及动物制品传播到人，产生耐药微生物并造成耐药基因的传播。本文综述了人-动物-环境界面耐药菌和抗生素耐药基因传播的流动与循环，总结了我国和其他国家应对抗生素耐药性问题的政策，倡导更多的国家和地区将“全健康”理念和方法用于控制抗生素耐药性传播；通过医疗卫生部门、食品药品监督管理部门、农林渔牧部门与教育、财政等多部门合作来应对抗生素耐药性的全球挑战。

Antibiotic-resistant microbes, antibiotic resistance genes and One Health

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes spread across species and habitats due to various human activities at the human-animal-environment interface. One Health that treats humans, animals and the environment as an organic whole is expected to become an effective strategy to mitigate such transmission. Due to human production activities, antibiotics and their metabolites are enriched in the environment, and then spread to people through animals or animal products, thus screening out resistant bacteria and causing the spread of resistance genes. This paper summarizes the main modes of transmission and the relationship between them and outlines Chinese and other countries՚ national plans to combat antibiotic resistance. We advocate that countries and regions use the concept and method of One Health to control the spread of antibiotic resistance. In addition, we should deal with the global challenge of antibiotic resistance through multisectoral collaboration among the medical and health sectors, food and drug administration, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, husbandry, education, and finance.