Positive selection of Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms in two closely related old world monkey species, rhesus and Japanese macaques |
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Authors: | Akiko Takaki Akiko Yamazaki Tomoyuki Maekawa Hiroki Shibata Kenji Hirayama Akinori Kimura Hirohisa Hirai Michio Yasunami |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;(2) Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;(3) Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;(4) Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; |
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Abstract: | Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays an important role in the recognition of a variety of pathogenic microbes. In the present study, we compared polymorphisms of TLR2 locus in two closely related old world monkey species, rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata). By nucleotide sequencing of the third exon of TLR2 gene from 21 to 35 respective individuals, we could assign 17 haplotype combinations of 17 coding SNPs of ten non-synonymous and seven synonymous substitutions. A non-synonymous substitution at codon position 326 appeared to be differentially fixed in each species, asparagine for M. mulatta whereas tyrosine for M. fuscata, and may contribute to certain functional properties because it locates in the region contributing to ligand binding and interaction with dimerization partner of TLR2-TLR1 heterodimeric complex. Although TLR2 alleles have diverged to similar extent in both species, they have evolved in significantly different ways; TLR2 of M. fuscata has undergone purifying selection while the membrane-proximal part of the extracellular domain of M. mulatta TLR2 exhibits higher rates of non-synonymous substitutions, indicating a trace of Darwinian positive selection. |
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