Molecular pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;2. Liam Doyle Associates, Waterford, Ireland;3. Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;1. Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;2. Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;3. Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Stellenbosch, South Africa;1. Sichuan Tianshengyuan Environmental Service Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610036, China;2. Sichuan Geological Engineering Survey Institute Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610036, China;3. College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;1. Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing, 3700 Worth Street, Dallas, TX 75246, United States;2. College of Natural and Health Sciences, Oklahoma Christian University, United States;3. Nursing Research, Parkland Hospital System, United States;4. Makerere University, Uganda;5. College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda;6. Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda |
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| Abstract: | Molecular studies of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have proceded rapidly following the molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the HIV genome. Correlation of biochemical and functional studies of HIV-infected cells with the HIV nucleotide sequence has allowed the identification and preliminary functional characterization of many HIV proteins. These include structural proteins (gag), viral enzymes (pol), and viral regulatory proteins (tat, art). Cloned HIV DNA segments have been utilized as probes for in situ nucleic acid hybridization to study the distribution of HIV-infected cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients. These studies have demonstrated the infection of macrophages as an important component of HIV-induced neurologic disease. Only very low numbers of HIV-infected lymphocytes can be identified in the peripheral blood of infected individuals. Thus, the mechanism of CD4 cell depletion in the pathogenesis of AIDS remain obscure. |
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