Biogeography and evolution of flower color in Veratrum (Melanthiaceae) through inference of a phylogeny based on multiple DNA markers |
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Authors: | W-J Liao Y-M Yuan D-Y Zhang |
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Institution: | (1) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering & Institute of Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China |
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Abstract: | Veratrum (Melanthiaceae) comprises ca. 27 species with highly variable morphology. This study aims to construct the molecular phylogeny
of this genus to infer its floral evolution and historical biogeography, which have not been examined in detail before. Maximum
parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses were performed on the separate and combined ITS, trnL-F, and atpB-rbcL sequences to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of the genus. All Veratrum taxa formed a monophyletic group, within which two distinct clades were distinguished: species with white-to-green perianth
formed one highly supported clade, and the species with black-purple perianth constituted another highly supported clade.
Phylogenetic inference on flower color evolution suggested that white-to-green perianth was a plesiomorphic state and black-purple
perianth was apomorphic for Veratrum. When species distribution areas were traced as a multi-state character, parsimonious optimization inferred that Veratrum possibly originated in East Asia. Our study confirmed previous phylogenetic and taxonomic suggestions on this genus and provided
a typical example of plant radiation across the Northern Hemisphere. |
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Keywords: | atpB-rbcL biogeography East Asia flower color ITS molecular phylogeny trnL-F Veratrum |
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