Evaluation of the adjuvant activity of naloxone,an opioid receptor antagonist,in combination with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes vaccine |
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Authors: | Nima Hosseini Jazani Mojtaba Karimzad Ebrahim Mazloomi Mohammad Sohrabpour Zuhair Muhammad Hassan Hojjat Ghasemnejad Shiva Roshan-Milani Shahram Shahabi |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;3. Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | We have previously demonstrated the adjuvant activity of naloxone (NLX), a general opioid antagonist, using a DNA vaccine for herpes simplex virus type 1. Here, the adjuvant activity of NLX has been evaluated using a heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM) vaccine as a model for general immunization against intracellular bacteria. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: the Vac group received the HKLM vaccine alone; the NLX–Vac group received the HKLM vaccine in combination with the adjuvant NLX; and the control group received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Our results indicate that the administration of NLX as an adjuvant enhances the ability of the HKLM vaccine to increase lymphocyte proliferation, delayed type hypersensitivity, and skewing of the immune response toward a T-helper 1 (Th1) pattern. Additionally, combination of NLX with the HKLM vaccine improves protective immunity against L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, administration of NLX as an adjuvant for the HKLM vaccine can enhance cell-mediated immunity and shift the immune response to Th1. |
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