中国东海海岸带地区生态系统健康评估及其尺度依赖性

维持生态系统健康是实现社会经济可持续发展的关键性工作之一。本文基于邻域变异度和人为干扰修正后的活力-组织-弹性-服务模型，从5 km至地级市设置8个评估尺度单元，定量化的评估了我国东海海岸地区（包括上海、嘉兴、宁波、温州、台州、宁德、福州、莆田、泉州、厦门和漳州共11个城市）1990—2015年的生态系统健康状况，并分析了其时序变化特征和空间分异规律，探究了生态系统健康的尺度依赖性效应，得到以下结论：1）研究时段内，研究区生态系统健康水平以2000年为节点先下降后上升，但整体呈下降趋势。自2000年起生态系统健康值分布更加离散，呈现健康的生态系统更加健康，劣化的生态系统不断劣化的分化趋势。2）生态系统健康在空间分布上具有较高的异质性特征。沿海地区、宁波以北地区的生态系统健康值较低；远离海洋部分的山地丘陵的生态系统健康值较高。小尺度下上海市中心生态健康最差，地级市尺度下嘉兴市生态健康状况最差。3）生态系统健康评估工作具有一定的空间尺度依赖性。大尺度生态系统健康评估结果趋于平均化，可用于刻画变化趋势的空间分布格局。小尺度评估结果能够更好的解释生态系统健康程度的聚类分异细节。因而，在生态系统健康评估中不存在最佳的研究尺度，多尺度的设置有助于全面解析生态系统健康的时空分异特征。

Ecosystem health assessment and its scale dependence in the coastal region of the East China Sea

As ecosystems provide multiple supports for human life, maintaining ecosystem health is imperative to achieving sustainable socio-economic development. Although the current ecosystem health assessment method has undergone many improvements and revisions, it still needs to be improved in terms of scientificity. At the same time, it is not clear what the appropriate scale for assessing ecosystem health is. To some extent, these issues have led to barriers between theoretical research and practical planning applications of ecosystem health. In order to explore the above questions, this paper further revised the ecosystem health assessment method. The proven and reasonable vitality-organization-resilient-service model was revised by considering the neighborhood variability and anthropogenic disturbance as factors affecting the evaluation. In order to explore the differences in ecosystem health assessment results at different scales, this paper set up 8 assessment scale units from 5 km to prefecture-level city to quantitatively assess the coastal region of the East China Sea (including Shanghai, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningde, Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Zhangzhou) ecosystem health status from 1990 to 2015. The time-series variation characteristics and spatial divergence patterns of ecosystem health in the study area were analyzed, and the scale-dependent effects of ecosystem health were also explored. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) the level of ecosystem health in the study area declined and then increased at the node of 2000 over the study time but showed an overall decreasing trend. The distribution of ecosystem health values has become more discrete since 2000, meaning that healthy ecosystems have become healthier and poor ecosystems have deteriorated. 2) Ecosystem health was highly heterogeneous in spatial distribution. Ecosystem health values were relatively low in the coastal areas, north of Ningbo, and relatively high in the hilly mountainous areas, away from the ocean. The ecological health of Shanghai city center was the poorest at small scale, and Jiaxing was the poorest at prefecture-level city scale. 3) Ecosystem health assessment work is somewhat spatial scale-dependent. The larger the study scale, the more the distribution of ecosystem health tends to average out, and the easier it is to obtain a spatial pattern distribution of change trends. The results of small-scale assessments can better explain details such as the distribution of high and low clusters of ecosystem health. As a result, there is no optimal scale of study for the assessment of ecosystem health. A multiscale set-up helps to assess ecosystem health in a comprehensive and detailed way.