Leishmania infantum proteophosphoglycans regurgitated by the bite of its natural sand fly vector,Lutzomyia longipalpis,promote parasite establishment in mouse skin and skin-distant tissues |
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| Authors: | Matthew Edward Rogers Karina Corware Ingrid Müller Paul Andrew Bates |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology at St. Mary’s Campus, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK;2. Department of Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK;3. Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, UK;1. Institut Pasteur, Dynamics of Immune Responses, F-75015 Paris, France;2. INSERM U668, F-75015 Paris, France;3. Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, CP1743, CEP: 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;3. Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, CP1743, CEP: 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;4. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;1. Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, Bari, Italy;4. Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy;1. Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Bornova, ?zmir, Turkey;2. Celal Bayar University, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Manisa, Turkey;3. Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Bornova, ?zmir, Turkey;1. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos, Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil;2. Núcleo de Parasitoses Sistêmicas, Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | We demonstrate that a proteophosphoglycan-rich gel secreted by Leishmania infantum inside the midgut of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (promastigote secretory gel) is regurgitated along with an average dose of 500 L. infantum metacyclic promastigotes per infected bite. Using both low (103) and high (105) doses of parasites in the ears of BALB/c mice we show that the infections benefit from the presence of vector saliva and parasite gel in the skin. However, chronic infection of the spleen was only enhanced in high dose co-infections with gel. These results provide the framework for a more natural experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis. |
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