Endoplasmic Reticulum of Mung Bean Cotyledons: ACCUMULATION DURING SEED MATURATION AND CATABOLISM DURING SEEDLING GROWTH

Homogenates of mung bean cotyledons were subjected to equilibrium density centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients and the positions of the various organelles determined by assay of marker enzymes. Measurement of phospholipid distribution on such gradients showed that the major peak of phospholipid at a density of 1.11 to 1.13 grams per cubic centimeter coincided with the position of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), confirming ultrastructural evidence that storage parenchyma cells are rich in ER. Germination and seedling growth were accompanied by a rapid decline in ER-associated phospholipid but a marked increase in the ER marker enzyme NADH cytochrome c reductase. Similar experiments with developing seeds indicated that the amount of ER-associated phospholipid increases during cotyledon expansion reaching a maximum during seed maturation. There was no subsequent decline during seed desiccation, instead ER-associated phospholipid levels were maintained in the dry seed until germination when catabolism was initiated 12 to 24 hours after the start of imbibition. This timing indicates that the observed ER breakdown is not an expression of the overall senescence of the cotyledons, but may represent the dismantling of the extensive rough ER used for reserve protein synthesis during cotyledon development.