Effects of natural and artificial pollination on fruit and offspring quality |
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| Authors: | Alexander Chautá-Mellizo Stuart A Campbell Maria Argenis Bonilla Jennifer S Thaler Katja Poveda |
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| Institution: | 1. Biologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia;2. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;4. Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University, Griesbachstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;2. CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;3. WWF''s Oceans & Coasts Program, P.O. Box 7, 3700AA Zeist, The Netherlands;1. Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Wageningen University and Research centre, Laboratory of Nematology, P.O. Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil;2. Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil;4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Worldwide, many crops rely on insect pollination. Insufficient pollination can reduce fruit and seed set by directly reducing pollen deposition, and can also affect offspring quality, such as growth rate and resistance to herbivores, by limiting outcrossing opportunities. Both effects are important in fruit agroecosystems where fruit size and the quality of seeds for re-planting are dependent on sufficient pollination. We experimentally manipulated pollination of the cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae), to test the effects of honey and bumble bee pollination compared to manual outcrossing and autonomous self-pollination on fruit and offspring characteristics. Compared to manual and self-pollination, bee pollination increased fruit size, seed set and germination rates, supporting the hypothesis that sufficient pollination increases plant fitness. Interestingly, plant growth rate and herbivore resistance were significantly and marginally greater in manually outcrossed plants compared to self-pollinated offspring, suggesting that inbreeding reduces offspring quality. Herbivore resistance and plant growth did not differ between one honeybee visit and self-pollination suggesting that multiple pollinator visits are needed to prevent inbreeding events. Our data suggest that the quantity and quality of pollen deposited by bee visitation can significantly alter ecologically and economically relevant traits in this agroecosystem. |
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