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Response of plant and gastropod species to knotweed invasion
Authors:Peter Stoll  Katharina Gatzsch  Hans-Peter Rusterholz  Bruno Baur
Institution:1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;2. Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland;1. Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;1. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK;2. CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK;3. Agriculture and AgriFood Canada-Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;1. Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Natural Area Consultants, 1 West Hill School Road, Richford, NY 13835, USA;1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czechia;2. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Pr?honice, Czechia
Abstract:Invasive species of the knotweed complex (Fallopia sp.) have repeatedly been shown to decrease diversity of native local biota. While effects on plant species richness are well established, effects on invertebrate and in particular gastropod species richness are less well understood. We recorded cover of plant species and diversity and abundance of gastropod species in four plots (1 m × 1 m) with Fallopia japonica and compared these to paired control plots without F. japonica at 15 sites along the river Birs (Switzerland) in early summer (June) and autumn (September). Knotweed and control plots did not differ in site characteristics and soil parameters.Average plant species richness in F. japonica plots was 50% lower compared to control plots. This reduction was significant for woody species as well as for herbaceous species. However, species richness of early flowering annuals did not differ significantly. Among the species most affected by knotweed were hop (Humulus lupulus) and European spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus) but also stand-forming species such as nettle (Urtica dioica) or ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria).Average snail species richness was significantly reduced in F. japonica plots. The reduction was pronounced in large (≥5 mm shell size) and long-lived (>2 years) snail species but not in slugs or small and short-lived snails. For example, large snails such as the Roman snail (Helix pomatia, ?85%) or the red-listed species Bradybaena fruticum (?93%), showed reduced abundances in F. japonica compared to control plots. In contrast, the red-listed but small Vertigo pusilla (+92%) had higher abundances in F. japoinca plots. Principal component analyses revealed little overlap in plant communities or community composition of large snail species between F. japonica and control plots. Taken together, knotweed invasion decreased the cover of most plant species and abundance of large and long-lived gastropods.
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