基于地理空间角度的黑龙江省水源涵养功能变化的驱动因素分析

生态系统服务功能评估关乎人类福祉，是全球关注的热点问题，而水源涵养功能已成为最重要的服务功能之一，是保障区域生态安全和可持续发展的关键因素。基于InVEST模型对黑龙江省2000—2020年水源涵养功能进行定量评估，通过地理探测器分析近二十年黑龙江省水源涵养功能变化空间分异特征的主导影响因素，并结合地理加权回归来捕捉驱动因素的空间分异。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年，全省平均水源涵养量从13.81 mm/m²增加到20.29 mm/m²,水源涵养总量提升46.92%。(2)气候变化是影响水源涵养变化的主要驱动因素，土地利用变化是间接驱动因素；气候和土地利用之间的交互作用对水源涵养变化空间分异性的影响明显大于任何单一因素。(3)驱动因素与水源涵养变化的相关性及强度存在明显的空间分异特征。全省水源涵养变化与降水和林草覆盖率正相关。大小兴安岭和三江平原地区水源涵养变化同时与耕地和城乡工矿用地覆盖率负相关。本研究可为管理部门制定生态环境保护决策和优化生态系统管理提供科学依据。

Exploring drivers of water conservation function variation in Heilongjiang Province from a geospatial perspective

The evaluation of ecosystem service functions is a hot issue across the world as it is related to human well-being. Water conservation function has become one of the most important service functions and plays a key role in ensuring regional ecological security and sustainable development. Based on the InVEST model, this study quantitatively evaluated the water conservation function of Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020. We analyzed the dominant influencing factors of the spatial differentiation characteristics of water conservation function changes in the past two decades through geographical detector, and combined geographically weighted regression to capture the spatial variation of the driving factors. The results showed that:(1) the average water conservation amount of the province increased from 13.81 mm/m² to 20.29 mm/m² from 2000 to 2020, and the total water conservation amount increased by 46.92%. (2) Climate change was the main driver of water conservation change, while land use change was an indirect driver. The interaction between climate and land use had remarkably greater impacts on the spatial variability of water conservation changes than any single factor. (3) The correlation and intensity of the drivers and water conservation change had obviously spatial differentiation characteristics. The change of water conservation was positively correlated with precipitation and forest and grass coverage in the whole province. The change of water conservation was negatively correlated with the coverage of the cultivated land and urban-rural industrial-mining land in the Xinganling Mountains and the Three Rivers Plain. This study can provide a scientific basis for management departments to make ecological protection decisions and optimize ecosystem management.