First report on the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in populations of the leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): Pathogen identifications and their incidence in maize crops |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 North Avenue, Brasília Federal District, 70770-917, Brazil;2. Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020 Road km 18, Brasília Federal District, 73310-970, Brazil;3. Bahia State University, UNEB, BR 242 Road km 4, Barreiras, Bahia, 47800-000, Brazil;1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 20, 38123, Trento, TN, Italy;2. Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;3. Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;4. Bi-PA nv (Biological Products for agriculture), Technologielaan 7, B-1840, Londerzeel, Belgium;1. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK;2. Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic;4. Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;5. Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany;6. Deutsche Trüffelbäume, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany;7. Archaeological Heritage Office Saxony, 01109, Dresden, Germany;1. Division of Fruit Tree Production Reseach, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0123, Japan;2. School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan;1. Division of Fruit Tree Production Reseach, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 92–24, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020–0123, Iwate, Japan;2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ–128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic;3. School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, 274–8555, Chiba, Japan;1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 2008, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon;2. Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, Department of Plant Biology, University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Sciences. P.O. BOX 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon;3. Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon;1. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an, 710119, China;2. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan;3. Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan;4. Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis is one of the most important pests of maize in Latin America. Here we report, for the first time, the natural occurrence of two fungal species infecting the adult stage of this pest. In 2020, insects killed by a pale bluish green fungus in irrigated maize fields located in Northeast Brazil were found attached to the abaxial surface of leaves. Using morphological characters and multigenic phylogeny, it was identified as Metarhizium brasiliense. In the beginning of 2021, the same pathogen was seen on adults in a maize field in the Central-Western region, alongside an entomophthoralean fungus during an epizootic. The latter pathogen was molecularly identified as a species in the genus Batkoa. The number of Batkoa-infected leafhoppers, displaying the typical swollen abdomen and extended wings, reached an average of 1.88 per maize leaf (86.42% of the sampled adults). The incidence of M. brasiliense was higher in plots in the Northeastern region (0.22 and 0.53 adult per leaf) when compared to the Central-Western region (0.04 adult per leaf). The report of D. maidis adults infected by M. brasiliense in agricultural settings located in different geographic regions and over 550 km apart indicates probable widespread occurrence of this pathogen in Brazil. Moreover, this opens the possibility of more applied biological control studies and, perhaps, the development of new tools to manage D. maidis populations. |
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| Keywords: | Biocontrol Epizootiology Corn leafhopper Phylogeny |
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