东北虎豹国家公园生态环境质量动态评价及其气候响应

人类活动及气候变化对东北虎豹国家公园生态环境产生深刻的影响，探究该地区生态环境质量的时空演变规律对园区可持续发展具有重要意义。在原有遥感生态指数基础上，选用增强型植被指数代替原绿度指标中的归一化植被指数，构建2001—2020年植被生长季遥感生态指数，探讨园区内核心保护区、虎豹潜在栖息地及主要人口聚集区三大管控区生态环境质量时空变化特征，并基于像元尺度分析其对气候因素的响应。结果表明：(1)近20年虎豹公园生态环境质量呈波动微弱下降趋势，2015年后生态环境质量逐步提升，2020年达到良好水平；(2)园区内各管控区生态环境质量具有明显的空间分异性，东部核心保护区中部及虎豹潜在栖息地中部以南地区生态环境质量较好，主要人口聚集区相对较差。(3)近20年虎豹公园生态环境质量稳定性较差。未来生态环境质量变化趋势为上升的面积占60.86%,表明未来生态环境趋势总体向好，但局部地区仍存在持续恶化态势。(4)虎豹公园生态环境质量主要受降水的影响，与降水呈显著正相关关系，与气温及日照的相关性较弱。

Dynamic evaluation of ecological environment quality and climate response in Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park

Human activities and climate change have a profound impact on the ecological environment of the Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL-NP), and exploring the temporal and spatial evolution of the ecological environment quality in this area is of great significance for the sustainable development of the park. In this paper,we selected the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to replace the NDVI in the original greenness index, and constructed the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) for the vegetation growing season from 2001 to 2020 based on the original remote sensing ecological index. Then, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ecological environment quality and their responses to climatic factors in the three major control areas of potential habitats and main population agglomeration areas based on the pixel scale. The results show that:(1) The ecological environment quality of NCTL-NP has shown a fluctuating and weak downward trend in the past 20 years. After 2015, the ecological environment quality has gradually improved and reached a good level in 2020; (2) The ecological environment quality of each control area in the park has obvious spatial heterogeneity, the quality of the ecological environment in the central part of the eastern core reserve and the southern part of the potential habitat of tigers and leopards is relatively good, while the main population agglomeration areas are relatively poor. (3) In the past 20 years, the ecological environment quality of NCTL-NP has been extremely unstable.The area with an upward trend in the quality of the ecological environment in the future accounted for 60.86%, indicating that the trend of the ecological environment in the future is generally good, but there is still a continuous deterioration trend in some areas. (4) The ecological environment quality of NCTL-NP is mainly affected by precipitation, which has a significant positive correlation with precipitation, and a weak correlation with temperature and sunshine.