Inhibition of d-Amino-Acid Oxidase Activity Induces Pain Relief in Mice

(1). We investigated the effects of inhibiting d-amino-acid oxidase (DAO) activity on nociceptive responses through the use of mutant ddY/DAO⁻ mice, which lack DAO activity, and through the application of a selective inhibitor of DAO, sodium benzoate, in the tail flick test, hot-plate test, formalin test, and acetic acid-induced writhing test. (2). Compared with normal ddY/DAO⁺ mice, ddY/DAO⁻ mice showed significantly prolonged tail withdrawal latency in the tail flick test and licking/jumping latency in the hot-plate test, as well as significantly reduced duration of licking/biting in the late phase of the formalin test and the number of abdominal writhing in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. (3). In addition, we investigated the effects of sodium benzoate in Kunming mice having normal DAO activity. (4). Intravenous administration of sodium benzoate (400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited pain responses of the late phase of the formalin test and abdominal writhing responses in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, with no effects on the early phase flinch responses in the formalin test, nociceptive responses in the tail flick test, or hot-plate test. (5). These results suggest that DAO acts as a pro-nociceptive factor in pain, particularly chronic pain, transmission and modulation, and may be a target for pain treatment.