运城盐湖4种藜科盐生植物叶的比较解剖研究

应用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对山西运城盐湖周围盐渍环境中4种藜科（Chenopodiaceae）盐生植物叶的结构进行了比较解剖研究。结果表明，碱蓬（Suaeda glauca Bunge）和盐地碱蓬（Suaedasalsa（Linn．）Pall．）属真盐生植物，结构特征相似：叶线形、肉质化，表皮上气孔器密集，叶肉具有发达的储水组织细胞和栅栏组织。灰绿藜（Chenopodium glaucum Linn．）和西伯利亚滨藜（Atriplex sibirica Linn．）为泌盐盐生植物，其中，灰绿藜具有双细胞构成的盐腺，西伯利亚滨藜则具有盐囊泡，此外，两种泌盐盐生植物中存在的异细胞和含晶细胞，对适应盐生环境有积极意义。从表皮细胞来看，4种植物的叶都有相同的适盐特征。总之，4种藜科盐生植物的叶片结构具有适盐的共同性和个体的多样性特征。

The Comparative Anatomy on Leaves of 4 Halophytes of Chenopodiaceae in Salt Lake of Yuncheng

The comparative anatomy on the leaves of 4 halophytes of Chenopodiaceae in salinate fields of salt lake in Shanxi Yuncheng were carried out by scanning electron microscope and light microscope. The resuhs indicated that Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa belonged to Euhalophyte, and they had the same anatomical structure to adapt to the salt conditions：the leaves were line-shaped and fleshy, and the stomata were dense. There were well-developed water-storing tissues and flourishing palisade tissues in their leaves. Chenopodium glaucum and Atriplex sibirica are Recretohalophyte. Chenopodium glaucum had twocell salt glands, while Atriplex sibirica had salt vesicles. The idioblasts and crystal cells in Atriplex sibirica and Chenopodium glaucum played an active role in adapting to the salt conditions. Observing from the epidermis cells of leaves, the 4 halophytes had the same drimophilous characteristic. In a whole,the leaves of 4 halophytes of Chenopodiaceae had common and diverse characteristics to adapt to the salt surroundings.