Pythium insidiosum complex hides a cryptic novel species: Pythium periculosum |
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| Institution: | 1. Health Sciences, Infectology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil;2. Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, USA;3. Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, USA;4. Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Microbiology Laboratory, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641014, India;5. Department of Statistics and Probability, USA;6. Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, 48824, USA;1. Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain;2. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Gto., 36821, Mexico;1. Campus de Engenharias e Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Br 104, km 85 Norte, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, Brazil;2. Instituto Federal de Alagoas, Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, Piranhas, AL, 57460-000, Brazil;1. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People''s Republic of China;2. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People''s Republic of China;3. Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People''s Republic of China;1. Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Sweden;3. Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;4. Laboratoria de Agroecología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico;1. UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France;2. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;3. Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, France;4. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Avenida La Molina 1981, La Molina, Lima, 15024, Peru |
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| Abstract: | Early phylogenetic analysis of Pythium insidiosum, the etiologic agent of pythiosis in mammals, showed the presence of a complex comprising three monophyletic clusters. Two included isolates recovered from cases of pythiosis in the Americas (Cluster I) and Asia (Cluster II), whereas the third cluster included four diverged isolates three from humans in Thailand and the USA, and one isolate from a USA spectacled bear (Cluster III). Thereafter, several phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of at least three monophyletic clusters, with most isolates placed in clusters I and II. Recent phylogenetic analyses using isolates from environmental sources and from human cases in India, Spain, Thailand, and dogs in the USA, however, showed the presence of two monophyletic groups each holding two sub-clusters. These studies revealed that P. insidiosum possesses different phylogenetic patterns to that described by early investigators. In this study, phylogenetic, population genetic and protein MALDI-TOF analyses of the P. insidiosum isolates in our culture collection, as well as those available in the database, showed members in the proposed cluster III and IV are phylogenetically different from that in clusters I and II. Our analyses of the complex showed a novel group holding two sub-clusters the USA (Cluster III) and the other from different world regions (Cluster IV). The data showed the original P. insidiosum cluster III is a cryptic novel species, now identified as P. periculosum. The finding of a novel species within P. insidiosum complex has direct implications in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of pythiosis in mammalian hosts. |
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| Keywords: | Pythiosis Straminipila Oomycota |
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