Mechanism underlying the response of fungi and their Fusarium symbiotic networks to the rotations of soybean and corn

Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are the main soybean root rot pathogens in northern China. We investigated the distribution and driving factors of Fusarium under different cropping systems to evaluate and regulate soil health. The factors affecting Fusarium in soybean cropping systems were assessed using high-throughput sequencing of ITS1 to identify soil microbial population diversity, and then the soil physicochemical properties were assessed to determine the levels of various elements present in the environment. According to the results, the abundance of Fusarium was obviously reduced in the corn–soybean rotation and uncultivated soil systems. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the soil and the abundance and diversity of fungal communities were significantly positively associated with the abundance of Ascomycota. Additionally, the relative abundance of Fusarium was significantly positively correlated with the zinc (Zn) content. When the Zn content was high, the abundance of Fusarium increased, and the correlations with Chaetomium, Cryptococcus, Penicillium and Trichoderma significantly decreased. Soybean yield was significantly negatively correlated with fungal community abundance and diversity. Based on our results, the uncultivated soil and corn–soybean rotation cropping systems improved the organizational structure of the soil fungal community and were conducive to the health and production of soybean.