基质碳氮比对广叶绣球菌生长发育的影响

培养基质碳氮比显著影响食用菌菌丝生长及子实体生长发育。广叶绣球菌是一种珍贵的食药用真菌,前期研究发现其生长发育过程中对碳源的需求较多。本研究采用松木屑、复合氮源作为栽培原料,研究基质碳氮比对绣球菌菌丝生长及子实体生长发育的影响。结果表明：6种不同碳氮比（C/N）的栽培基质对菌丝生长速度无显著影响,但是随着C/N比值的增加,子实体形成期逐渐延长,子实体形成率呈先增大后减小的趋势。当基质C/N在48.8-55.9之间时,采收率较高,在80-90d内,达到采收标准的菌袋比例分别为83.7%和81.4%。当基质C/N为43.4时,鲜菇产量最高,但外观品质受影响。综合考虑生产成本及效率,采用松木屑和复合氮源作为栽培原料、适宜的基质C/N为48.8时,绣球菌子实体形成期为64d,子实体形成率为95%且较为集中,鲜菇平均产量为231g/袋（76%集中于200-260g/袋）,整个生产周期为84d。本研究结果表明绣球菌具有“高碳低氮”的营养生理特性。

Effects of different substrate carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N) on the growth and development of Sparassis latifolia

Substrate carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) significantly affects the mycelial growth and fruiting body development of edible fungi. Sparassis latifolia is a precious edible and medicinal mushroom. Previous studies found that S. latifolia needed more carbon sources during the growth and development process. In this study, pine sawdust and complex nitrogen sources were used as cultivation substrate, and the effect of substrate C/N on the growth and development of S. latifolia was investigated. The results showed that the tested six substrates had no significant difference in the mycelial growth rate, but as the C/N increases, the fruiting body formation period gradually prolonged, and the fruiting rate trended to increase first and decrease later. At substrate C/N of 48.8-55.9, the harvest rate is much more higher. In 80-90 days, 83.7% and 81.4% of the cultivation bags come up to the harvest standards. At substrate C/N of 43.4, the yield of fresh mushrooms was the highest, but the appearance quality was insufficiently standardized. In consideration of the production cost and efficiency, pine sawdust and complex nitrogen source was regarded as suitable substrate and carbon to nitrogen ratio was 48.8. Under such a condition, the fruiting body formation period was 64d and fruiting rate was 95%. The average yield was 231g/bag (200-260g/bag occupied 76%), and the whole cultivation period was 84d. The facts indicate that S. latifolia has nutritional and physiological characteristics of “high carbon and low nitrogen”.