西双版纳自然保护区蚁生线虫草时空分布及寄主多样性

蚁生线虫草是一种重要的蚁科专化性虫生真菌。为明确双版纳自然保护区不同生境蚁生线虫草的分布规律,以期为蚁生线虫草的开发利用提供依据,于2017年7月-2018年9月对西双版纳自然保护区石灰岩山季雨林（高、中、低海拔带）、热带季雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、热带丛生竹林、暖热性针叶林5种不同生境中蚁生线虫草的分布及其寄主进行了系统调查。结果表明,在5种不同生境中,共采集蚁生线虫草1 449株,其主要分布于石灰岩山季雨林和热带丛生竹林,相对多度分别为51.1%和24.3%;其次为暖热性针叶林生境,相对多度为15.2%;热带季雨林和季风常绿阔叶林中分布相对较少,相对多度分别为5.7%和3.7%。从同一生境的石灰岩山季雨林不同海拔带的分布来看,蚁生线虫草主要分布于高海拔地带（33.7%）,而中海拔地带（9.7%）和低海拔（7.8%）相对较少。从季节性流行规律来看,西双版纳自然保护区蚁生线虫草的流行期为湿热季的6-10月及湿热季与雾凉季交替的11月。蚁生线虫草寄主多样性丰富,包括4亚科13属16种。该研究将为西双版纳自然保护区生物多样性及蚁生线虫草保护利用提供理论依据。

Distribution and host range of Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve

Distribution and host range of Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila were investigated in the tropical forests of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve including karst monsoon forest, tropical monsoon forest, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, tropical clustered bamboo forest and warm temperate coniferous forest during July 2017 to September 2018. In total, 1 449 specimens of O. myrmecophila were collected and identified by morphology and phylogeny. O. myrmecophila was the most abandunt in the karst monsoon forest and tropical clustered bamboo forest, accounting for 51.1% and 24.3% of the total specimens collected, respectively, secondly in warm temperate coniferous forest with the relative abundance of 15.2%, and less abandunt in the tropical monsoon forest and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and accounting for 5.7% and 3.7% respectively. Altitude also significantly affects O. myrmecophila distribution and the relative abundance is 33.7%, 9.7% and 7.8% in high, middle and low altitude, respectively. The occurrence of O. myrmecophila was highest in June to October in humid season and November in humid and cool-foggy season. Totally 16 species in 13 genera and 4 subfamilies of host ants were detected, indicating O. myrmecophila has broad host ranges. The result provides basis data for further comprehensive understanding of the biodiversity of O. myrmecophila in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve.