贵州栽培笃斯越橘DSE真菌、AM真菌与ERM真菌空间分布研究

为探明贵州省栽培笃斯越橘根系深色有隔内生真菌（dark septate endophytes,DSE）、丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌与欧石南菌根（ericoid mycorrhiza,ERM）真菌的定殖及地理分布情况,揭示共生真菌在栽培笃斯越橘生长中的地位,本研究在贵州省笃斯越橘主栽区麻江县、凤岗县和高坡乡分别选取主栽品种圆蓝、粉蓝、奥尼尔和莱格西的根样及根围土样,观测不同地区不同品种根样DSE真菌、AM真菌和ERM真菌的定殖结构和定殖率,并测定土样土壤理化性质,分析不同真菌与土壤因子相关性。结果表明,3个地区的4个笃斯越橘品种均有DSE真菌、AM真菌和ERM真菌定殖,栽培笃斯越橘能与3类真菌形成共生关系,平均定殖率分别为61.11%、25.55%和22.50%。DSE真菌定殖率：高坡（62.50%）>麻江（61.66%）>凤岗（59.16%）;AM真菌定殖率：凤岗（34.14%）>麻江（25.83%）>高坡（16.66%）;ERM真菌定殖率：高坡（35.00%）>凤岗（20.00%）>麻江（12.5%）。相关性分析表明,DSE真菌中的菌丝与微菌核的定殖率呈负相关,AM真菌的总定殖率及定殖强度与微菌核的定殖率呈极显著正相关,与DSE真菌菌丝的定殖率呈负相关。ERM真菌总定殖率与DSE真菌菌丝的定殖率及AM真菌定殖强度呈极显著正相关,与DSE真菌总定殖率呈显著正相关。土壤有效磷与DSE真菌和ERM真菌总定殖率呈显著正相关,与AM真菌定殖率呈显著负相关。土壤铵态氮与DSE真菌中微菌核结构定殖率及AM真菌定殖率呈极显著正相关,与ERM真菌定殖率呈极显著负相关。土壤pH值与DSE定殖强度呈显著负相关,与ERM定殖强度呈极显著正相关。本研究分析比较贵州省3个笃斯越橘种植基地不同品种栽培笃斯越橘DSE真菌、AM真菌和ERM真菌的定殖及其与土壤理化性质之间的相关性,为贵州省栽培笃斯越橘的管理和发展提供技术基础和理论依据。

Spatial distribution of dark septate endophytes,arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and ericoid mycorrhiza fungi in cultivated blueberries from Guizhou Province,Southwest China

Colonization and geographical distribution of dark septate endophytes (DSE), arbuscular mycorrhizai (AM) fungi and ericoid mycorrhizai (ERM) fungi in the root system of cultivated blueberries Vaccinium uliginosum in Guizhou Province, were investigated. Root samples and rhizosphere soil samples of the four main varieties Gardenblue, Powderblue, O’Neill and Legacy were collected in Majiang County, Fenggang County and Gaopo Township, the main blueberry cultivation areas in Guizhou Province. The colonization structure and colonization rate of different species of root-like DSE fungi, AM fungi and ERM fungi in different regions were observed, the physical and chemical properties of soil samples were determined, and the correlation between different fungi and soil factors were analyzed. It was found that all the four blueberry varieties in three regions were colonized by DSE fungi, AM fungi and ERM fungi, forming symbiotic relationship. The average colonization rates are 61.11%, 25.55%, and 22.50% respectively. DSE fungal colonization rate in different sample plots is arranged in order as Gaopo (62.50%) > Majiang (61.66%) > Fenggang (59.16%); AM fungal colonization rate is arranged as Fenggang (34.14%) > Majiang (25.83%) > Gaopo (16.66%); ERM fungal colonization rate is arranged as Gaopo (35.00%) > Fenggang (20.00%) > Majiang (12.5%). Correlation analysis indicated that the colonization rate of DSE fungus hyphae was negatively correlated to that of microsclerotia, and the total colonization rate and colonization intensity of AM fungi were significantly positively correlated with the colonization rate of microsclerotia, and negatively correlated with the colonization rate of fungal hypha of DSE. The total colonization rate of ERM fungi has a very significant positive correlation with the colonization rate of DSE fungal hyphae and the colonization intensity of AM fungi, and a significant positive correlation with the total colonization rate of DSE fungi. Soil available phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with the total colonization rate of DSE fungi and ERM fungi, and significantly negatively correlated with AM fungal colonization rate. Soil ammonium nitrogen has a very significant positive correlation with the colonization rate of microsclerotia of DSE fungi and AM fungi, and a very significant negative correlation with the colonization rate of ERM fungi. Soil pH value was significantly negatively correlated with DSE colonization intensity, and extremely significantly positively correlated with ERM colonization intensity. This study provide technical and theoretical reference for the management and development of cultivated blueberries in Guizhou Province.