中国陆域地表人类活动与自然环境的空间关系研究

在人类活动主导人地矛盾的当代背景下,从空间关联角度测度人类活动与自然环境相互作用是推动区域可持续发展的基本前提。以2015年数据为基础,通过选取特征变量构建综合测度指标体系,利用小波多尺度分析、双变量局域空间自相关、人地系统耦合协调度模型等方法多层次刻画中国陆域地表人类活动与自然环境的空间相关关系、空间匹配关系、空间耦合关系。研究结果表明:①人类活动与自然地理基础的空间相关关系随着地域尺度增大而趋于增强,说明自然环境条件对人类活动格局的基础性作用;②人类活动与自然资源支撑的空间匹配关系呈现非均衡性特征,华北地区人类活动规模与自然资源支撑空间错位显著、区域可持续发展面临严峻挑战;③人类活动与自然环境承载的空间耦合协调度从东南向西北递减,调整人类活动的结构与方式是化解区域人地矛盾的理性选择。

The spatial relationship between human activities and natural environment in the continent of China

In the context of human activities have become the primary factor in the contradiction between human and land, examining the interaction between human activities and natural environment from spatial correlation perspective is an essential premise for promoting regional sustainable development. Using data in 2015, this paper has constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system composed of natural environment and human activities. We have employed wavelet multiscale analysis, bivariate local spatial autocorrelation analysis, and man-land system coupling harmonious degree model to explore spatial correlation, spatial matching, and spatial coupling relationships between human and land in the continent of China. The results are as follow:(1) The higher the scale of territory, the stronger the spatial correlation between human activities scale and natural geographic foundation is, which indicates the natural environment impacts on human activities at a fundamental level. (2) The spatial matching between human activities scale and the natural resource support shows an unbalanced characteristic. In particular, the north China has being confronted with severe challenges of regional sustainable development, which results from the significant mismatch relationship between human activities scale and the natural resource support. (3) The spatial coupling harmonious degree of the relationship between human activities effect and natural environment carrying capacity decreases from the southeast to the northwest in China. It is a rational choice to defuse the regional contradiction between human and land by adjusting the structure of and the way in which human carry out activities.