基于BIOLOG技术分析氮沉降和降水对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

土壤微生物是有机物分解和养分循环的主要介质,因此在维持土壤的功能多样性和持续性方面发挥着关键作用。气候变化驱动因素会影响土壤微生物的生理活动,引起其群落结构和功能多样性的改变,并对生物地球化学循环和气候―生态系统反馈产生连锁效应,其中氮沉降和降水是全球气候变化的研究热点。土壤氮(N)的有效性有可能通过改变微生物的群落组成以调节微生物对降水变化的响应,但目前关于N沉降和降水及其交互作用对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响机制仍不清楚。为了准确预测未来气候条件下生态系统的功能状况,需要更好地了解土壤微生物对环境变化的响应。基于BIOLOG技术综述了氮沉降和降水变化及其交互作用对土壤微生物功能多样性影响的相关研究进展,可以为进一步研究全球气候变化背景下地下生态学的发展提供参考。另外,分析阐述了当前工作中存在的一些主要瓶颈,并对未来的研究热点进行了探讨和展望。

Analysis of effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation on soil microbial function diversity based on BIOLOG technique

As an important component in regulating belowground ecological processes, the soil microbes are primary mediators of organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and thus play a key role in maintaining function and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. Climate change affects the physiological activities of soil microbes, which causes changes of soil microbial community structure and functional diversity and cascades the effects on biogeochemical cycling and climate-ecosystem feedbacks. Among them, nitrogen deposition and precipitation are research hotspots of global climate change. The external nitrogen (N) addition or atmospheric N deposition has been found to affect the aboveground biology processes and the underground biochemistry of soil, both directly and indirectly. Soil N availability has the potential to mediate microbial responses to changes in precipitation by altering the microbial community composition, but the interactions between N nitrogen deposition and precipitation pattern on soil microbial community structure and function still remain unclear. Additionally, changes in soil microbial function and community composition may trigger a series of responses, such as impacting litter and organic matter decomposition rates, humus formation nutrient transformation and cycling, and then alter the interaction between soil microbes and plant communities. Improving understanding of soil microbes that responds to environmental variation is needed for accurate prediction of ecosystem function in the future climatic conditions. Based on this, a review is presented about progress on the impacts of nitrogen deposition and changes in precipitation pattern, and their interactions on soil microbial functional diversity, which is critical to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for further research on the development of underground ecology under global climate change. At the same time, problems and shortcomings existing in the current work are analyzed and key scientific issues in future research are also discussed and previewed.