Vesicular and non-vesicular lipid export from the ER to the secretory pathway |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Japan;2. NCCR Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Switzerland;3. Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;4. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, United States of America;2. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America;3. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, United States of America;1. Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA;2. Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA;1. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore;2. Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of most glycerophospholipids, neutral lipids and the initial steps of sphingolipid biosynthesis of the secretory pathway. After synthesis, these lipids are distributed within the cells to create and maintain the specific compositions of the other secretory organelles. This represents a formidable challenge, particularly while there is a simultaneous and quantitatively important flux of membrane components stemming from the vesicular traffic of proteins through the pathway, which can also vary depending on the cell type and status. To meet this challenge cells have developed an intricate system of interorganellar contacts and lipid transport proteins, functioning in non-vesicular lipid transport, which are able to ensure membrane lipid homeostasis even in the absence of membrane trafficking. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, lipids are transported in cells by both vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. In this review we will discuss the mechanism and roles of vesicular and non-vesicular transport of lipids from the ER to other organelles of the secretory pathway. |
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