S1P and plasmalogen derived fatty aldehydes in cellular signaling and functions |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;5. Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;2. Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo 060-8604, Japan;4. Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo 060-8604, Japan;5. Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;6. Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-2-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan.;1. CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, IBSAM, Université de Brest, 6, Avenue V. Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France;2. Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;3. INSERM/University of Tours U1069, Nutrition-Croissance et Cancer (N2C), F-37032 Tours, France;4. Centre HS Kaplan, CHU Bretonneau, Tours F-37032, France;5. Network “Ion channels and Cancer-Canceropole Grand Ouest”, (IC-CGO), France |
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| Abstract: | Long-chain fatty aldehydes are present in low concentrations in mammalian cells and serve as intermediates in the interconversion between fatty acids and fatty alcohols. The long-chain fatty aldehydes are generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of 1-alkyl-, and 1-alkenyl-glycerophospholipids by alkylglycerol monooxygenase, plasmalogenase or lysoplasmalogenase while hydrolysis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by S1P lyase generates trans ∆2-hexadecenal (∆2-HDE). Additionally, 2-chloro-, and 2-bromo- fatty aldehydes are produced from plasmalogens or lysoplasmalogens by hypochlorous, and hypobromous acid generated by activated neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively while 2-iodofatty aldehydes are produced by excess iodine in thyroid glands. The 2-halofatty aldehydes and ∆2-HDE activated JNK signaling, BAX, cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Further, 2-chloro- and 2-bromo-fatty aldehydes formed GSH and protein adducts while ∆2-HDE formed adducts with GSH, deoxyguanosine in DNA and proteins such as HDAC1 in vitro. ∆2-HDE also modulated HDAC activity and stimulated H3 and H4 histone acetylation in vitro with lung epithelial cell nuclear preparations. The α-halo fatty aldehydes elicited endothelial dysfunction, cellular toxicity and tissue damage. Taken together, these investigations suggest a new role for long-chain fatty aldehydes as signaling lipids, ability to form adducts with GSH, proteins such as HDACs and regulate cellular functions. |
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