Immunomodulatory mechanisms during Echinococcus granulosus infection |
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Authors: | Siracusano Alessandra Riganò Rachele Ortona Elena Profumo Elisabetta Margutti Paola Buttari Brigitta Delunardo Federica Teggi Antonella |
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Affiliation: | a Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy b Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, Università di Roma, “Sapienza”, Roma, Italy |
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Abstract: | The pathologic events that ensue after humans ingest the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus and continue while cystic echinococcosis develops, provide an excellent example illustrating the evasive strategies helminth parasites use to develop, progress and cause chronic disease. The hydatid cyst secretes and exposes numerous immunomodulatory molecules to the host’s immune system. By characterizing these molecules we can understand the mechanisms that E. granulosus uses for increasing the efficiency and persistency of infection in the host. These molecules modulate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response and appear to target cellular and humoral responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the immunobiology of host-E. granulosus interactions that provide intriguing insights into the complex interplay between host and parasite that ultimately facilitates parasite survival. |
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Keywords: | Helminths Echinococcus granulosus Immune response Host-parasite interaction Immunomodulation AgB, antigen B CE, cystic echinococcosis DCs, dendritic cells EA21, cyclophilin EgEF-1β/δ, Echinococcus granulosus elongation factor-1β/δ Eg2HSP70, Echinococcus granulosus heat shock protein 70 ELISA, enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay EgTeg, Echinococcus granulosus Tegumental antigen EgTPx, Echinococcus granulosus Thioredoxin peroxidase IFN-γ, interferon-γ Ig, immunoglobulin IL, interleukin PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α HF, hydatid fluid |
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