大型真菌对重金属的生物富集作用及生态修复

大型真菌是一类重要的环境生物资源,对人类的生存具有重要作用.与绿色植物相比,大型真菌能够积累高浓度的Pb、Cd和Hg等重金属.本文论述了大型真菌对重金属的生物富集作用以及利用大型真菌进行重金属生态修复的优势,指出大型真菌种类、生态类型、富集重金属的生物学特性及其遗传潜能、大型真菌菌丝体和子实体的形态、部位、寿命以及结实间隔和环境因子等是影响大型真菌吸收和积累重金属的主要因素.筛选富集重金属功能强大、易于人工栽培、环境适应性强、便于后处理的大型真菌是今后研究的重要方向.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macrofungi and its application in ecological remediation

As an important type of environmental biological resources, macrofungi are vitally useful in our life. Compared with green plants, macrofungi can accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Hg. In this paper, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macrofungi and the advantages of using macrofungi in ecological remediation of heavy metals pollution were discussed. The main factors affecting the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macrofungi include the species, ecological types, bioaccumulation characteristics and genetic potentials of macrofungi, the morphologic traits, parts and lifetime of mycelium and fruiting bodies, the intervals between fructifications, and the ecological environments. It was suggested that to screen out the macrofungi with effective bioaccumulation of heavy metals, be prone to artificially cultured, better adjustable to environments and easily post-disposed would be the important domain to be explored in the future.