Possible functions of Dpp in gastropod shell formation and shell coiling |
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Authors: | Keisuke Shimizu Isao Sarashina Hiroyuki Kagi Kazuyoshi Endo |
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Institution: | (1) Master’s Program in Education, Secondary Education, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan;(2) Department of Earth & Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;(3) Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; |
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Abstract: | We examined dpp expression patterns in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis and analyzed the functions of dpp using the Dpp signal inhibitor dorsomorphin in order to understand developmental mechanisms and evolution of shell formation
in gastropods. The dpp gene is expressed in the right half of the circular area around the shell gland at the trochophore stage and at the right-hand
side of the mantle at the veliger stage in the dextral snails. Two types of shell malformations were observed when the Dpp
signals were inhibited by dorsomorphin. When the embryos were treated with dorsomorphin at the 2-cell and blastula stages
before the shell gland is formed, the juvenile shells grew imperfectly and were not mineralized. On the other hand, when treated
at the trochophore and veliger stage after the shell gland formation, juvenile shells grew to show a cone-like form rather
than a normal coiled form. These results indicated that dpp plays important roles in the formation and coiling of the shell in this gastropod species. |
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