妊娠中期孕妇血糖水平变化与新生儿体质及大脑发育的关系

摘要 目的：探讨妊娠中期孕妇血糖水平变化与新生儿体质及大脑发育的关系。方法：2018年2月到2021年1月选择在本院建档分娩的妊娠中期妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational diabetes，GDM)孕妇105例作为研究对象，根据孕妇血糖控制情况进行分组，孕妇血糖控制较好纳入良好组，其他纳入对照组。调查分娩的新生儿体质、大脑发育情况并进行相关性分析。结果：在105例孕妇中，血糖控制良好85例，控制不良20例。良好组的孕周、年龄、孕前体重指数、孕次、产次等与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。良好组新生儿分娩第3个月的体重与身长都高于对照组(P<0.05)。良好组新生儿分娩第3个月的MDI与PDI评分都高于对照组(P<0.05)。在105例孕妇中，Spearsman相关分析显示血糖控制水平与新生儿的体重、身长、智力发育指数(Intelligence Development Index，MDI)评分、精神运动发育指数(Intelligence Development Index，PDI)评分等都存在相关性(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示血糖控制水平都为影响新生儿体重、身长、MDI评分、PDI评分的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：妊娠中期妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖控制水平与新生儿体质、大脑发育存在相关性，血糖控制不佳可导致新生儿体质发育缓慢与智力水平下降。

The Relationship between Pregnant Women's Blood Glucose Level in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy and the Newborn's Physique, Brain Development

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between the blood glucose level of pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy and the physique, brain development of the newborn. Methods: From February 2018 to January 2021, 105 cases of pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes (GDM) in the second trimester of pregnancy who were filed in our hospital were selected as the research objects. The pregnant women were grouped accorded to their blood glucose control status that he pregnant women were better blood glucose control were included the good group, and the others were included into the control group. Investigated the physique and brain development of the newborns during delivery and given correlation analysis. Results: There were 85 cases were good blood glucose control and 20 cases were poor control in the 105 cases. The gestational age, age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, pregnancy times, parity, etc. of the good group were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05). The weight and length of newborns in the good group were higher than those in the control group at the third month of delivery(P<0.05). The scores of MDI and PDI of the newborns in the good group were higher than those of the control group at the third month of delivery(P<0.05). In the 105 pregnant women, Spearsman correlation analysis showed that blood glucose control levels were correlated with newborn weight, length, Intelligence Development Index (MDI) score, and psychomotor development index (PDI) score, etc. (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood glucose control levels were all risk factors affected newborn weight, length, MDI score, and PDI score (P<0.05). Conclusion: The blood glucose control level of pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the second trimester are related to the physique and brain development of the newborn. Poor blood sugar control can lead to the slow growth of the newborn''s physical development and the decline of intelligence.