尿液诊断膀胱癌的研究进展

摘要：膀胱癌是临床常见的发生在泌尿系统的恶性肿瘤，该病的发病率呈现逐年升高的趋势，其复发率也相对较高。早期诊断和定期随访是保证膀胱癌患者长期生存的关键。对于膀胱癌的诊断以及患者的随访通常凭借膀胱镜检查或尿脱落细胞学的测定。然而，前者的检查费用较为昂贵，且属于有创诊断；后者则具有检查敏感性相对较低的特点，还存在较大程度受病理科诊断医生主观因素影响的局限，目前还没有尿液生物标志物可以替代传统的诊断方法。膀胱肿瘤具有广泛的异质性，不同的疾病表型具有不同的分子差异。因此，引入尿液生物标志物来诊断疾病，评估疾病的侵袭性、进展的风险、复发的可能性和预后具有重要的临床价值。本文总结了目前尿液所含生物标志物诊断膀胱癌的研究现状，并对此领域的主要研究进展进行综述。

Progress in the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer by Urine

ABSTRACT: Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system, the incidence of the disease is increasing year by year, and the recurrence rate is relatively high. Early diagnosis and regular follow-up are the keys to ensure long-term survival of bladder cancer patients. The diagnosis of bladder cancer and follow-up of patients are usually performed by cystoscopy or urine exfoliation cytology. However, the former is more expensive and invasive. The latter has the characteristic of relatively low sensitivity and was limited by the subjective factors of the doctor, there is no urine biomarker that can replace traditional diagnostic methods. Bladder tumors have extensive heterogeneity, and different disease phenotypes have different molecular differences. Therefore, the introduction of urine biomarkers to diagnose the disease and assess the aggressiveness, risk of progression, likelihood of recurrence and prognosis of the disease has important clinical value. In this paper, the current status of urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of bladder cancer is summarized, and the main research progress in this field is reviewed.