Characterization of a new AAA+ protein from archaea

We investigated a new archaeal member of the AAA+ protein family (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) which is found in all methanogenic archaea and the sulphate-reducer Archaeoglobus fulgidus. These proteins cluster to COG1223 predicted to form a subgroup of the AAA+ ATPases. The gene from A. fulgidus codes for a protein of 40 kDa monomeric molecular weight, which we overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The protein forms ring-shaped complexes with a diameter of 125A as determined by electron microscopy. Using sedimentation equilibrium analysis we demonstrate that it assembles into hexamers over a wide concentration range both in presence and absence of ATP. As suggested by homology to other members of the AAA+ family, the complex binds and hydrolyzes ATP. Michaelis-Menten analysis revealed a k(cat) of 118 min(-1) and a K(M) of 1.4 mM at 78 degrees C. This hyperthermophilic archaeal ATPase is stable to 86 degrees C and the ATPase activity is maximal at this temperature. The protein is most homologous to the AAA-domain of FtsH from bacteria, while the N-terminal domain shows predicted structural homology to members of the CDC48 family of AAA proteins. Possible roles of this new AAA+ protein are discussed.