基于机载激光雷达的中亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗特征

机载激光雷达(LiDAR)是一种新型主动式遥感技术,能直接获取多尺度高精度的冠层三维结构信息,将其推广到森林干扰生态学领域,可为林窗研究提供应用支撑.以湖南中亚热带常绿阔叶林为研究对象,利用小光斑LiDAR数据进行林窗识别和几何特征估测.选择合适的分辨率和内插方法生成冠层高程模型,采用计算机图形学方法估测林窗面积、边界木高度和形状指数,并进行野外观测验证.结果表明: 林窗识别率为94.8%,主要影响因素是林窗面积和林窗形成木类型;估测的林窗面积和边界木高与野外观测值呈较强线性相关,R²值分别为0.962和0.878,其中估测的林窗面积平均比野外观测值高19.9%,估测的林窗边界木高度平均比野外观测值低9.9%;区域内林窗密度为12.8个·hm^-2,占森林面积13.3%;林窗面积、边界木高和形状指数的平均值分别为85.06 m²、15.33 m和1.71,区域内多为较小面积、边缘效应不太显著的林窗.

Characterization of mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest gap based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR).

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an active remote sensing technology for acquiring three-dimensional structure parameters of vegetation canopy with high accuracy over multiple spatial scales, which is greatly important to the promotion of forest disturbance ecology and the application on gaps. This paper focused on mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hunan Province, and small footprint LiDAR point data were adopted to identify canopy gaps and measure geomagnetic characteristics of gaps. The optimal grid model resolution and interpolation methods were chosen to generate canopy height model, and the computer graphics processing was adopted to estimate characteristics of gaps which involved gap size, canopy height and gap shape index, then field investigation was utilized to validate the estimation results. The results showed that the gap recognition rate was 94.8%, and the major influencing factors were gap size and gap maker type. Linear correlation was observed between LiDAR estimation and field investigation, and the R² values of gap size and canopy height case were 0.962 and 0.878, respectively. Compared with field investigation, the size of mean estimated gap was 19.9% larger and the mean estimated canopy height was 9.9% less. Gap density was 12.8 gaps·hm^-2 and the area of gaps occupied 13.3% of the forest area. The average gap size, canopy height and gap shape index were 85.06 m², 15.33 m and 1.71, respectively. The study site usually contained small gaps in which the edge effect was not obvious.