控制性分根交替灌溉下氮形态对番茄生长、果实产量及品质的影响

以高产大果型西红柿品种中研988为材料,采用分根培养的方法,研究了控制性分根交替灌溉(APRI)条件下，不同氮素形态(硝态氮、铵态氮)对番茄生长、产量及果实品质的影响.结果表明: 同一灌溉方式或下限处理下,铵态氮对番茄植株前期生长有利,而硝态氮促进番茄植株后期生长,并促进果实产量增加.在APRI同一灌水下限下,硝态氮处理可提高果实维生素C含量及糖酸比,提高营养品质.同一氮素形态供应下,APRI番茄的株高和叶面积均小于正常灌溉(CK),但灌水下限为60%田间持水量(θ_f)的APRI处理番茄茎粗在生长后期有所增加.在同一氮素形态下,与CK相比,APRI各处理的产量均下降,其中灌水下限在40%θ_f的APRI处理产量下降了22.4%～26.3%;而灌水下限在60% θ_f的APRI处理仅下降了5.3%～5.4%,下降幅度相对较小,而品质显著提高,并具有明显的节水效果.因此,控制灌水下限在60%θ_f、供应硝态氮的APRI处理为番茄高产、优质、节水的最佳处理.

Effects of nitrogen forms on the growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato under controlled alternate partial root zone irrigation.

The effects of nitrogen (N) forms (ammonium-N and nitrate-N) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato plants (cv. Zhongyan 988) under controlled alternate partial root zone irrigation (APRI) were examined in a split root experiment. Under the same irrigation mode and/or controlled soil water limitation treatment, ammonium N promoted plant growth at the early stage, while nitrate-N improved plant growth and development at the later stage leading to higher biomass accumulation and fruit yield at harvest. Under APRI and the same soil water conditions, plants of the nitrate-N treatment improved the content of vitamin C and the ratio of soluble sugar to organic acid and thus facilitated fruit quality when compared with those of the ammonium-N treatment. Plant height and leaf area under APRI treatment were lower compared with conventional irrigation (CK) under the same N form, but the stem diameter under APRI treatment with 60% θ_f 〖KG*2〗(field water capacity, θ_f) soil moisture showed a slight increase at the late growth stage. Under the same N form, fruit yield was significantly lower in APRI treatment than that of the CK. Compared with the CK, fruit yield decreased by 22.4%-26.3% under the APRI treatment with 40%θ_f soil moisture. Under 60%θ_f soil moisture, the APRI treatment significantly improved fruit quality and water use efficiency compared with the CK regardless small reduction (5.3%-5.4%) in fruit yield. The experimental results suggested that the APRI treatment with the lower limitation of soil moisture controlled at 60%θ_f and nitrate N supply would be the optimal option in terms of sustainable use of water resource and fertilizer.