海岸带盐沼生态系统卤代甲烷释放研究进展

卤代甲烷是破坏臭氧层的主要物质，也是重要的痕量温室气体和有机污染物.目前，其源汇格局和全球收支存在很大的不确定性.受海陆两相交互作用影响的海岸带盐沼是卤代甲烷重要的自然来源.本文综述了卤代甲烷自然源汇的研究现状、海岸带盐沼卤代甲烷的释放规律以及主要影响因素.鉴于当前研究中存在的问题，其后的研究需在以下几个方面进一步加强: 1)较长时间尺度、更大区域范围的盐沼卤代甲烷释放规律及源汇评估研究；2)利用目前已比较成熟的稳定同位素技术，更精确地定量不同盐生植物种类以及各种生物类型对盐沼卤代甲烷的贡献比率；3)关注潮水对其产生的直接或间接影响，进一步研究潮汐涨落过程、淹水时长等对盐沼卤代甲烷释放的影响；4)人类活动和气候变化对盐沼卤代甲烷释放的影响.

Emissions of methyl halides from coastal salt marshes: A review.

Methyl halides are the major carrier of halogens in the atmosphere, and they play an important role in tropospheric and stratospheric ozone depletion. Meanwhile, methyl halides can act as greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and they are also environmentally significant because of their toxicity. Coastal salt marshes, the important intertidal ecosystems at the land ocean interface, have been considered to be a large potential natural source of methyl halides. In this paper, the research status of the natural source or sink of methyl halides, the mechanisms of their emission from coastal salt marshes and affecting factors were summarized. In view of this, the following research fields need to be strengthened in the future: 1) Long time scale and large region range researches about the emission of methyl halides and the evaluation of their source and sink function, 2) Accurate quantification of contribution rates of different plant species and various biological types to fluxes of methyl halides, 3) Further researches on effects of the tidal fluctuation process and flooding duration on methyl halides emission, 4) Effects of the global change and human activities on methyl halides emission.