土壤污染的生态毒理诊断研究进展

土壤生态毒理学是污染土壤生态风险评价以及土壤污染控制的理论依据,土壤环境中有毒物质的生态毒理效应及其分子机制的研究是土壤生态毒理学的核心内容.土壤污染生态毒理诊断集合了土壤污染的全部信息,提供了土壤的整体毒性效应.因此,开展土壤污染生态毒理诊断研究有重要的理论意义和现实意义.本文在参考国内外土壤污染生态毒理诊断研究成果的基础上,介绍了常用土壤污染生态毒理效应诊断方法和指标,并探讨了不同方法的利弊.传统毒理诊断方法往往只能表征胁迫的程度,不能解释损伤和响应发生分子机理.污染土壤毒性评估的生物标记物和土壤污染分子诊断技术,可深入探讨外源胁迫下生物的解毒机制.本文对其进行了较为系统的介绍,并对未来的研究趋势进行展望.

Research advances in eco-toxicological diagnosis of soil pollution.

Soil eco-toxicology provides a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils and soil pollution control. Research on eco toxicological effects and molecular mechanisms of toxic substances in soil environment is the central content of the soil eco toxicology. Eco toxicological diagnosis not only gathers all the information of soil pollution, but also provides the overall toxic effects of soil. Therefore, research on the eco toxicological diagnosis of soil pollution has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the
research of eco toxicological diagnosis of soil pollution, this paper introduced some common toxicological methods and indicators, with the advantages and disadvantages of various methods discussed. However, conventional biomarkers can only indicate the class of stress, but fail to explain the molecular mechanism of damage or response happened. Biomarkers and molecular diagnostic techniques, which are used to evaluate toxicity of contaminated soil, can explore deeply detoxification mechanisms of organisms under exo genous stress. In this paper, these biomarkers and techniques were introduced systematically, and the future research trends were prospected.