基于足迹家族的青海省资源环境压力定量评估

为了系统评估人类活动对环境的影响,基于足迹家族构建了资源环境压力评价体系,对青海省的生态足迹、碳足迹、水足迹及资源环境压力作了测评.结果表明: 1990—2013年,青海省人均生态足迹由1.32 hm²增为3.32 hm²,人均生物承载力由2.33 hm²降至2.07 hm²,2006年后出现生态赤字且不断增高,但1990年以来始终存在生物质盈余;人均碳足迹由5.82 t增至15.85 t,目前已超过应对气候变化目标的7.93倍;人均水足迹从967.67 m³降低到732.05 m³.1990年以来生态压力一直较低(Ⅰ_b),温室气体(GHG)排放压力由较低(Ⅰ_b)升高到中上(Ⅱ_b),水资源压力很低(Ⅰ_a),资源环境压力由很低(Ⅰ_a)升高为较低(Ⅰ_b).生态压力和水资源压力对资源环境压力的贡献率逐渐降低,GHG排放压力的影响明显增大.资源环境压力的空间差异较大,2013年西宁市很高(Ⅲ_b)、海东市中上(Ⅱ_b)、海西州中下(Ⅱ_a),其他各市州很低(Ⅰ_a),主要压力源也具有明显的空间异质性.今后发展中,各市州应采取差异化减压策略.

Quantitative evaluation of resource and environment pressure in Qinghai Province,China based on footprint family

In order to effectively evaluate the influence of human activities on the resource and environment, this paper constructed an resource and environment pressure evaluation system based on footprint family, and calculated the ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, and resource and environment pressure in Qinghai Province. The results showed that from 1990 to 2013, the ecological footprint per capita in Qinghai Province increased from 1.32 hm² to 3.32 hm², and biological capacity per capita decreased from 2.33 hm² to 2.07 hm². Since 2006 there was ecological deficit. However, the biomass surplus existed during 1990-2013. The carbon footprint per capita increased from 5.82 t to 15.85 t, which had been more than 7.93 times of the target to address climate change. The water footprint per capita decreased from 967.67 m³ to 732.05 m³. Since 1990, the ecological pressure was at low grade (Ⅰ_b), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions pressure was enhanced from low grade (Ⅰ_b) to above-average grade (Ⅱ_b), the water pressure was at very low grade (Ⅰ_a), the resource and environment pressure increased from very low grade (Ⅰ_a) to low grade (Ⅰ_b). The rate of contribution of ecological pressure and water resource pressure to resources and environment pressure gradually decreased, whereas, the rate of contribution of GHG emission pressure to resources and environment pressure gradually increased. The resource and environment pressure had spatial heterogeneity. In 2013, it was at very high grade (Ⅲ_b) in Xining City, at above-average grade (Ⅱ_b) in Haidong City, at below-average grade (Ⅱ_a) in Haixi State and atvery low grade (Ⅰ_a) in the rest regions. The main resource and environment pressure source also had obvious spatial heterogeneity. In future, differentiation strategies should be taken in the decompression progress.